help estout                                   also see: esttab, eststo, estadd, estpost
http://repec.sowi.unibe.ch/stata/estout/
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Title

estout -- Making regression tables from stored estimates

Syntax
Description
Options
Examples
Remarks
Saved results
Backmatter

Syntax

estout [ what ] [ using filename ] [ , options ]

what                     description
----------------------------------------------------------------------
namelist                 tabulate stored estimation sets; namelist is
a name, a list of names, or _all; the * and
? wildcards are allowed; a name may also be
., meaning the current (active) estimates

matrix(name[, subopts])  tabulate matrix name
e(name[, subopts])       tabulate matrix e(name)
r(name[, subopts])       tabulate matrix r(name)
subopts:
fmt(fmtlist)         set the display format(s)
transpose            tabulate transposed matrix
----------------------------------------------------------------------

options                          description
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter statistics
cells(elements and subopts)    contents of the table cells, where
an element's subopts are in paren-
theses, i.e. element[(subopts)]
elements:
b                          raw coefficient (point estimate)
se                         standard error
var                        variance
t                          t or z statistic
z                          t or z statistic (synonym for t)
p                          p-value
ci                         confidence interval
ci_l                       lower bound of confidence interval
ci_u                       upper bound of confidence interval
_star                      "significance stars"
_sign                      sign of point estimate
_sigsign                   sign and significance of estimate
.                          null element (empty cell)
&                          combine elements in single cell
myel                       results from e(myel)
myel[#]                    results from row # in e(myel)
myel[rowname]              results from row rowname in e(myel)

subopts (for each element,
except for . and &):
[no]star                   attach "significance stars"
fmt(fmt [fmt ...])         set the display format(s)
label(string)              define a label for element
par[(l r)] | nopar         place results in parentheses
vacant(string)             print string if coefficient is absent
drop(droplist)             drop certain individual results
keep(keeplist)             keep certain individual results
pattern(pattern)           model selection
pvalue(name)               set p-values for star (default: p)
[no]abs                    use absolute t-statistics
[no]transpose              transpose e(myel) for tabulation

drop(droplist)                 drop individual coefficients
[no]omitted                    include omitted coefficients
[no]baselevels                 include base levels
keep(keeplist)                 keep individual coefficients
order(orderlist)               change order of coefficients
indicate(groups [, subopt])    indicate presence of parameters
subopt: labels(yes no)       redefine "Yes" and "No" labels
rename(old new [old new ...])  rename individual coefficients
equations(eqmatchlist)         match the models' equations
eform[(pattern)] | noeform     report exponentiated coefficients
transform(list [, subopt])     apply transformations to coefficients
subopt: pattern(pattern)])   select models
margin[(u|c|p)] | nomargin     report marginal effects after mfx
discrete(string) | nodiscrete  identify 0/1 variables (if margin)
meqs(eq_list)                  select equations for marginal effects
dropped[(string)] | nodropped  indicate null coefficients as dropped
level(#)                       set level for confidence intervals

Summary statistics
stats(scalarlist[, subopts])   display summary statistics at the
bottom of the table
subopts:
fmt(fmt [fmt ...])         set the display formats
labels(strlist[,           label the summary statistics
label_subopts])
star[(sca'list)] | nostar  denote the model significance
layout(array)              arrange the summary statistics
pchar(symbol)              placeholder in layout(); default is @

Significance stars
starlevels(levelslist)         define thresholds and symbols,
where 'levelslist' is 'symbol #
[symbol # ...]' with # in (0,1] and
listed in descending order
stardrop(droplist)             drop stars for individual coefs
starkeep(keeplist)             keep stars for individual coefs
[no]stardetach                 display the stars in their own column

Layout
varwidth(#)                    set width of the table's left stub
modelwidth(# [# ...])          set width of the results columns
[no]unstack                    place equations from multiple-
equation models in separate columns
begin(string)                  specify the beginning of the rows
delimiter(string)              specify the column delimiter
end(string)                    specify the ending of the table rows
incelldelimiter(string)        specify delimiter within cell
dmarker(string)                define the decimal marker
msign(string)                  define the minus sign
[no]lz                         print the leading zero of fixed
format numbers in (-1,1)
extracols(numlist)             add empty column to the table
substitute(subst)              apply end-of-pipe substitutions, where
'subst' is 'from to [from to ... ]'

Labeling
[no]label                      make use of variable labels
[no]abbrev                     abbreviate long names and labels
[no]wrap                       wrap long labels (if space permits)
interaction(string)            specify interaction operator
title(string)                  specify a title for the table
note(string)                   specify a note for the table
[no]legend                     add a significance symbols legend
prefoot(strlist)               add text before the table footer
postfoot(strlist)              add text after the table footer
hlinechar(string)              specify look of @hline
varlabels(matchlist[, sub.])   relabel the parameters
subopts:
blist(matchlist)           assign prefixes to certain rows
elist(matchlist)           assign suffixes to certain rows
label_subopts
labcol2(strlist[, subopts])    add a second labeling column
subopts:
width(#)                   set width of column
refcat(matchlist[, subopts])   add reference category information
subopts:
label(string) | nolabel    redefine the "ref." label
below                      change positioning of refcat
mlabels(strlist[, subopts])    label the models
subopts:
[no]depvars                use the name/label of the dependent
variable as model label
[no]titles                 use estimates title as model label
[no]numbers                number models labels consecutively
label_subopts
collabels(strlist[,            label the columns within models
label_subopts])
eqlabels(strlist[, subopts])   label the equations
subopts:
[no]merge                  merge equation and parameter labels
label_subopts
mgroups(strlist[, subopts])    define and label groups of models
subopts:
pattern(pattern)           define the grouping of the models
label_subopts
numbers[(l r)] | nonumbers     add a row containing model numbers

Output
[no]replace                    overwrite an existing file
[no]append                     append the output to an existing file
[no]type                       print the table in the results window
[no]showtabs                   display tabs as <T>s
topfile(filename)              insert file contents above table
bottomfile(filename)           insert file contents below table

Defaults
style(style)                   specify a style for the output table

styles:
smcl                       SMCL formatted table (screen default)
tab                        tab delimited table (export default)
fixed                      fixed format table
tex                        table for use with LaTeX
html                       table for use with HTML
----------------------------------------------------------------------

label_subopts                    Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[no]none                       suppress the labels
[no]first                      print the first occurrence of begin()
[no]last                       print the last occurrence of end()
replace                        replace global begin()/end()
[no]span                       span columns if appropriate
lhs(string)                    label the table's left stub
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Description

estout assembles a table of coefficients, "significance stars", summary
statistics, standard errors, t- or z-statistics, p-values, confidence intervals,
and other statistics for one or more models previously fitted and stored by
estimates store or eststo.  It then displays the table in Stata's results window
or writes it to a text file specified by using. The default is to use SMCL
formatting tags and horizontal lines to structure the table. However, if using is
specified, a tab-delimited table without lines is produced.

namelist provides the names of the stored estimation sets to be tabulated. You
may use the * and ? wildcards in namelist. The results estimated last may be
indicated by a period (.), even if they have not yet been stored. If no model is
specified, estout tabulates the estimation sets stored by eststo (see help
eststo) or, if no such estimates are present, the currently active estimates
(i.e. the model fit last).  estout may be used after any estimation command that
returns its results in e().

See the Introduction in the Examples section for an introduction on using estout.
See help estimates for general information about managing estimation results.
Furthermore, see help eststo for an alternative to the estimates store command.

The default for estout is to produce a plain table containing point estimates.
Producing a fully formatted end-product may involve specifying many options.
However, note that a simple-to-use estout wrapper producing pre-formatted
publication style tables is available as esttab. Furthermore, use estadd to make
additional results available for tabulation (such as the standardized
coefficients or the means and standard deviations of the regressors) and estpost
to tabulate results from non-estimation commands such as summarize or tabulate.

estout can also be used to tabulate the contents of a Stata matrix (see help
matrix). Type estout marix(name), where name is the name of the matrix, instead
of providing a namelist of stored estimation sets. See the examples below.
Alternatively, you may also specify e(name) or r(name) to tabulate an e()-matrix
or an r()-matrix. The cells() option is disabled if tabulating a matrix.

Programms similar to estout include outreg by John Luke Gallup, outreg2 by Roy
Wada, modltbl by John H. Tyler, mktab by Nicholas Winter, outtex by Antoine
Terracol, or est2tex by Marc Muendler. Also see Newson (2003) for a very
appealing approach.

Options

Contents

Parameter statistics
Summary statistics
Significance stars
Layout
Labeling
Output
Defaults
label_subopts
matrix_subopts

+----------------------+
----+ Parameter statistics +-----------------------------------------------------

cells(array) specifies the parameter statistics to be reported and how they are
to be arranged. The default is for cells to report point estimates only, i.e.
cells(b). cells(none) may be used to completely suppress the printing of
parameter statistics.  Alternatively, cells(b se) would result in the
reporting of point estimates and standard errors. Multiple statistics are
placed in separate rows beneath one another by default. However, elements of
array that are listed in quotes or in parentheses, e.g.  "b se" or "b se"'
or (b se), are placed beside one another. For example, cells("b p" se) or,
equivalently, cells((b p) se) would produce a table with point estimates and
p-values beside one another in first row and standard errors in the second
row beneath the point estimates.

The parameter statistics available are b (point estimates), se (standard
errors), var (variance), t (t/z-statistics), z (synonym for t), p (p-values),
and ci (confidence intervals; to display the lower and upper bounds in
separate cells use ci_l and ci_u). Any additional parameter statistics
included in the e()-returns for the models can be tabulated as well. If, for
example, e(beta) contains the standardized coefficients, type cells(beta) to
coefficients to the e()-returns of a model). The syntax name[#] or
name[rowname] can be used to refer to specific rows in e(name). For example,
type cell(ci_bc[1] ci_bc[2]) or cell(ci_bc[ll] ci_bc[ul]) to tabulate the
lower and upper bounds of the bias-corrected confidence intervals after
bootstrap.  The default is to report the results from the first row.  Also
see the eform and transform() options for more information on the kinds of
statistics that can be displayed.

Further available elements in array are _star, _sign, and _sigsign. _star
causes stars denoting the significance of the coefficients to be printed (*
for p<.05, ** for p<.01, and *** for p<.001; customizable via the
starlevels() option below).  _star places the significance stars in their own
cells. See the star suboption below if you want to attach the stars to
another element. _sign prints the signs of the coefficients ("+", "-", or
"0"). _sigsign, a combination of _star and _sign, repeats the signs of the
coefficients where the number of repetitions reflects the level of
significance (non-significant coefficients are left empty; however, you may
set the first level to 1 in the starlevels() option).

Finally, . and & may be used in array. . inserts a "null" element. Use this
to add empty cells. For example, cells("b p" ". se") would produce a table
with point estimates in the first column and p-values and standard errors
beneath one another in the second column. & is used to combine elements in
the same cell. Use the incelldelimiter() option to specify the text to be
printed between the combined elements (the default is to print a single
blank). For example, in HTML, use cell(b & se) and incelldelimiter(<br>) to
include point estimates and standard errors in a single cell and insert a
line break between them.

A set of suboptions may be specified in parentheses for each element named in
array (except for . and &). For example, to add significance stars to the
coefficients and place the standard errors in parentheses, specify
cells(b(star) se(par)). The following suboptions are available. Use:

star to specify that stars denoting the significance of the coefficients
be attached to the statistic: * for p<.05, ** for p<.01, and *** for
p<.001. The symbols and the values for the thresholds and the number
of levels are fully customizable (see the Significance stars
options).

fmt(fmt [fmt ...]) to specify the display format(s) of a statistic. It
defaults to %9.0g or the format for the first statistic in cells().
If only one format is specified, it is used for all occurrences of
the statistic. For example, type

. estout ..., cells("b(fmt(3)) t(fmt(2))")

to print coefficients and t-values beside one another using three
decimal places for coefficients and two decimal places for t-values.
If multiple formats are specified, the first format is used for the
first regressor in the estimates table, the second format for the
second regressor, and so on. The last format is used for the
remaining regressors if the number of regressors in the table is
greater than the number of specified formats.  For instance, type

. estout ..., cells(b(fmt(3 4 2)))

to use three decimal places for the first coefficient, four decimal
places for the second, and two decimal places for all remaining
coefficients. Note that, regardless of the display format chosen,
leading and trailing blanks are removed from the numbers. White space
can be added by specifying a modelwidth() (see the Layout options).
fmt may be any of Stata's numerical display formats, e.g., %9.0g or
%8.2f, an integer # such as 1 or 3 to use a fixed format with #
decimal places, or a# such as a1 or a3 to use estout's adaptive
display format (see Numerical formats in the Remarks section for
details).

label(string) to specify a label to appear in the column heading. The
default is the name of the statistic.

par[(l r)] to specify that the statistic in question be placed in
parentheses. It is also possible to specify custom "parentheses". For
example, se(par({ })) would display the standard errors in curly
brackets. Or, se(par("="("' ")""')) will write parentheses in a way
that Excel can recognize. For ci the syntax is:

ci(par[(l m r)])

vacant(string) to print string if a coefficient is not in the model. The
default is to leave such cells empty.

drop(droplist [, relax]) to cause certain individual statistics to be
dropped. For example, specifying t(drop(_cons)) suppresses the
t-statistics for the constants.  droplist is specified as in the
global drop() option (see below).

keep(keeplist [, relax]) to cause certain individual statistics to be
kept. For example, the specification t(keep(mpg)) would display the
t-statistics exclusively for the variable mpg. keeplist is specified
analogous to droplist in drop() (see below).

pattern(pattern) to designate a pattern of models for which the
statistics are to be reported, where the pattern consists of zeros
and ones. A 1 indicates that the statistic be printed; 0 indicates
that it be suppressed. For example beta(pattern(1 0 1)) would result
in beta being reported for the first and third models, but not for
the second.

pvalue(name) to specify the p-values used to determine the significance
stars (see star above). The default is pvalue(p), indicating that the
standard p-values are to be used (i.e. the p-values computed form the
coefficients vector and the variance matrix). Alternatively, specify
pvalue(mypvalue), in which case the significance stars will be
determined from the values in e(mypvalue). Values outside [0,1] will
be ignored.

abs to specify that absolute t-statistics be used instead of regular
t-statistics (relevant only if used with t()).

transpose to specify that e(myel) be transposed for tabulation.

drop(droplist [, relax]) identifies the coefficients to be dropped from the
table. A droplist comprises one or more specifications, separated by white
space. A specification can be either a parameter name (e.g. price), an
equation name followed by a colon (e.g. mean:), or a full name (e.g.
mean:price). You may use the * and ? wildcards in equation names and
parameter names. Be sure to refer to the matched equation names, and not to
the original equation names in the models, when using the equations() option
to match equations.  Specify the relax suboption to allow droplist to contain
elements for which no match can be found.

omitted includes omitted coefficients (only relevant in Stata 11 or newer). This
is the default. Type noomitted to drop omitted coefficients.

baselevels includes base levels of factor variables (only relevant in Stata 11 or
newer). This is the default. Type nobaselevels to drop base levels of factor
variables.

keep(keeplist [, relax]) selects the coefficients to be included in the table.
keeplist is specified analogous to droplist in drop() (see above). Note that
keep() does not change the the order of the coefficients. Use order() to
change the order of coefficients.

order(orderlist) changes the order of the coefficients and equations within the
table. orderlist is specified analogous to droplist in drop() (see above).
Reordering of coefficients is performed equation by equation, unless
equations are explicitly specified. Coefficients and equations that do not
appear in orderlist are placed last (in their original order). Extra table
rows are inserted for elements in orderlist that are not found in the table.

indicate(groups [, labels(yes no)]) indicates for each model (or, if unstack is
specified, for each equation) the presence of certain groups of coefficients
at the end of the table body. The syntax for groups is

"group" [ "group" ... ]

where a group is

[name = ] list

and list is a list of coefficient specifications as defined in drop() above.
The single groups should be enclosed in quotes unless there is only one group
and name is specified. Note that name may contain spaces.

For example, if some of the models contain a set of year dummies, say y1 y2
y3, specify

estout ..., indicate(year effects = y1 y2 y3)

to drop the dummies from the table and add a "year effects" row containing
"Yes" for models in which at least one of the dummies is present, and "No"
for the other models. Furthermore, if some models also contain a set of
region dummies, say reg_1 through reg_17, you could type

estout ..., indicate("years = y1 y2 y3" "regions = reg_*")

Use the labels() suboption to redefine the indication labels to be printed in
the table. The default is labels(Yes No). Use quotes if the labels include
spaces, e.g. labels("in model"  "not in model").

rename(matchlist) changes the names of individual coefficients, where matchlist
is

oldname newname [oldname newname ...]

oldname can be a parameter name (e.g. price) or a full name including an
equation specification (e.g. mean:price) (abbreviation and wildcards not
allowed); newname is a name without equation specification and must not
already occur in a model's equation.  rename() is applied before matching the
models and equations and can therefore be used to merge different
coefficients across models (or equations if unstack is specified) into a
single table row. See the varlabels() option if you are interested in
relabeling coefficients after matching models and equations.

equations(matchlist) specifies how the models' equations are to be matched. The
default is to match all first equations into one equation (named main, if the
equations have different names) and match the remaining equations by name.
Specify equations("") to match all equations by name. Alternatively, specify
matchlist, which has the syntax

term [, term ... ]

where term is

[eqname =] #:#...:#              (syntax 1)

[eqname =] #                     (syntax 2)

In syntax 1, each # is a number or a period (.).  If a number, it specifies
the position of the equation in the corresponding model; 1:3:1 would indicate
that equation 1 in the first model matches equation 3 in the second, which
matches equation 1 in the third.  A period indicates that there is no
corresponding equation in the model; 1:.:1 indicates that equation 1 in the
first matches equation 1 in the third.

In syntax 2, you specify just one number, say, 1 or 2, and that is shorthand
for 1:1...:1 or 2:2...:2, meaning that equation 1 matches across all models
specified or that equation 2 matches across all models specified.

eqname is used to name the matched equations. If it is suppressed, a name
such as #1 or #2 etc. is used, depending on the position of the term. For
example, equations(1) indicates that all first equations are to be matched
into one equation named #1. All equations not matched by position are matched
by name.

eform[(pattern)] displays the coefficient table in exponentiated form. The
exponent of b is displayed in lieu of the untransformed coefficient; standard
errors and confidence intervals are transformed as well. Specify a pattern if
the exponentiation is to be applied only for certain models. For instance,
eform(1 0 1) would transform the statistics for Models 1 and 3, but not for
Model 2. Note that, unlike regress and estimates table, estout in eform-mode
does not suppress the display of the intercept. To drop the intercept in
eform-mode, specify drop(_cons). Note: eform is implemented via the
transform() option. If both options are specified, transform() takes
precedence over eform.

transform(list [, pattern(pattern)]) displays transformed coefficients, standard
errors and confidence intervals. list may be

fx dfx

where fx is the transformation function and dfx is its first derivative. fx
is applied to coefficients and confidence intervals, that is, fx(b) and
fx(ci) is displayed instead of b and ci. dfx is used to delta transform
standard errors, i.e. se*dfx(b) is displayed instead of se. Use @ as a
placeholder for the function's argument in fx and dfx. For example, type

estout ..., transform(exp(@) exp(@))

to report exponentiated results (this is equivalent to specifying the eform
option).

Alternatively, list may be specified as

coefs fx dfx [ ... [coefs] fx dfx ]

where coefs identifies the coefficients to be transformed. Syntax for coefs
is as explained above in the description of the drop() option (however,
include coefs in quotes if it contains multiple elements). Say, a model has
two equations, price and select, and you want to exponentiate the price
equation but not the select equation. You could then type

estout ..., transform(price: exp(@) exp(@))

Note that omitting coef in the last transformation specification causes the
last transformation to be applied to all remaining coefficients.

Specify the pattern() suboption if the transformations are to be applied only
for certain models. For instance, pattern(1 0 1) would apply the
transformation to Models 1 and 3, but not Model 2.

margin[(u|c|p)] indicates that the marginal effects or elasticities be reported
instead of the raw coefficients. This option has an effect only if mfx has
been applied to a model before its results were stored (see help mfx) or if a
dprobit (see help probit), truncreg,marginal (help truncreg), or dtobit (Cong
2000) model is estimated. One of the parameters u, c, or p, corresponding to
the unconditional, conditional, and probability marginal effects,
respectively, is required for dtobit. Note that the standard errors,
confidence intervals, t-statistics, and p-values are transformed as well.

Using the margin option with multiple-equation models can be tricky.  The
marginal effects of variables that are used in several equations are printed
repeatedly for each equation because the equations per se are meaningless for
mfx. To display the effects for certain equations only, specify the meqs()
option. Alternatively, use the keep() and drop() options to eliminate
redundant rows. The equations() option might also be of help here.

As of Stata 11, the use of mfx is no longer suggested, since mfx has been
superseded by margins. Results from margins can directly be tabulated by
estout as long as the post option is specified with margins. Alternatively,
you may add results from margins to an existing model using estadd margins or
estpost margins. See
http://repec.sowi.unibe.ch/stata/estout/coefficients.html#002 for an example
on tabulating results from margins.

discrete(string) may be used to override the default symbol and explanatory text
used to identify dummy variables when applying the margin option. The first
token in string is used as the symbol. The default is:

discrete(" (d)" for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1)

To display explanatory text, specify either the legend option or use the
@discrete variable (see the Remarks on using @-variables).

Use nodiscrete to disable the identification of dummy variables as such. The
default is to indicate the dummy variables unless they have been interpreted
as continuous variables in all of the models for which results are reported
(for dprobit and dtobit, however, dummy variables will always be listed as
discrete variables unless nodiscrete is specified).

meqs(eq_list) specifies that marginal effects requested by the margin option be
printed only for the equations in eq_list. Specifying this option does not
affect how the marginal effects are calculated.  An eq_list comprises one or
more equation names (without colons) separated by white space. If you use the
equations() option to match equations, be sure to refer to the matched
equation names and not to the original equation names in the models.

dropped[(string)] causes null coefficients (coefficients for which e(b) and e(V)
is zero) to be indicated as dropped. string specifies the text to be printed
in place of the estimates. The default text is "(dropped)".

level(#) assigns the confidence level, in percent, for the confidence intervals
of the coefficients (see help level).

+--------------------+
----+ Summary statistics +-------------------------------------------------------

stats(scalarlist[, stats_subopts]) specifies one or more scalar statistics -
separated by white space - to be displayed at the bottom of the table. The
scalarlist may contain numeric e()-scalars such as, e.g., N, r2, or chi2, but
also string e()-macros such as cmd or depvar. In addition, the following
statistics are available:

aic     Akaike's information criterion
bic     Schwarz's information criterion
rank    rank of e(V), i.e. the number of free parameters in model
p       the p-value of the model (overall model significance)

See [R] estimates table for details on the aic and bic statistics.  The rules
for the determination of p are as follows (note that although the procedure
outlined below is appropriate for most models, there might be some models for
which it is not):

1) p-value provided: If the e(p) scalar is provided by the estimation
command, it will be interpreted as indicating the p-value of the
model.

2) F test: If e(p) is not provided, estout checks for the presence of the
e(df_m), e(df_r), and e(F) scalars and, if they are present, the
p-value of the model will be calculated as Ftail(df_m,df_r,F). This
p-value corresponds to the standard overall F test of linear
regression.

3) chi2 test: Otherwise, if neither e(p) nor e(F) is provided, estout
checks for the presence of e(df_m) and e(chi2) and, if they are
present, calculates the p-value as chi2tail(df_m,chi2). This p-value
corresponds to the Likelihood-Ratio or Wald chi2 test.

4) If neither e(p), e(F), nor e(chi2) is available, no p-value will be
reported.

Type ereturn list after estimating a model to see a list of the returned
e()-scalars and macros (see help ereturn). Use the estadd command to add
extra statistics and other information to the e()-returns.

The following stats_subopts are available. Use:

fmt(fmt [fmt ...]) to set the display formats for the scalars statistics
in scalarlist.  fmt may be any of Stata's numerical display formats,
e.g., %9.0g or %8.2f, an integer # such as 1 or 3 to use a fixed
format with # decimal places, or a# such as a1 or a3 to use estout's
adaptive display format (see Numerical formats in the {help
estout##rem:Remarks} section for details). For example, fmt(3 0)
would be suitable for stats(r2_a N). Note that the last specified
format is used for the remaining scalars if the list of scalars is
longer than the list of formats. Thus, only one format needs to be
specified if all scalars are to be displayed in the same format. If
no format is specified, the default format is the display format of
the coefficients.

labels(strlist[, label_subopts]) to specify labels for rows containing
the scalar statistics. If specified, the labels are used instead of
the scalar names. For example:

. estout ..., stats(r2_a N, labels("Adj. R-Square" "Number of
Cases"))

Note that names like r2_a produce an error in LaTeX because the
underscore character has a special meaning in LaTeX (to print the
underscore in LaTeX, type \_). Use the label() suboption to rename
such statistics, e.g. stats(r2_a, labels(r2\_a)). An alternative
approach is to use estout's substitute() option (see the Layout
options).

star[(scalarlist)] to specify that the overall significance of the model
be denoted by stars. The stars are attached to the scalar statistics
specified in scalarlist. If scalarlist is omitted, the stars are
attached to the first reported scalar statistic. The printing of the
stars is suppressed in empty results cells (i.e. if the scalar
statistic in question is missing for a certain model). The
determination of the model significance is based on the p-value of
the model (see above).

Hint: It is possible to attach the stars to different scalar
statistics within the same table. For example, specify
stats(,star(r2_a r2_p)) when tabulating OLS estimates and, say,
probit estimates. For the OLS models, the F test will be carried out
and the significance stars will be attached to the r2_a; for the
probit models, the chi2 test will be used and the stars will appear
next to the r2_p.

layout(array) to rearrange the summary statistics. The default is to
print the statistics in separate rows beneath one another (in each
model's first column). The syntax for array is

<row> [ <row> ... ]

where row is

<cell> [ <cell> ... ]

and @ is used as a placeholder for the statistics, one after another.
Rows and cells that contain blanks have to be embraced in quotes. For
example,

... stats(chi2 df_m N, layout("@ @" @))

prints for each model in row 1/column 1 the chi-squared, in
row1/column 2 the degrees of freedom, and in row 2/column 1 the
number of observations. Cells may contain multiple statistics and
text other than the placeholder symbol is printed as is (provided the
cells' statistics are part of the model). For example,

... stats(chi2 df_m N, layout(""@ (@)""' @))

prints a cell containing "chi2 (df_m)" in the first row and the
number of observations in the second row. Note that the number of
columns in the table only depends on the cells() option (see above)
and not on the layout() suboption. If, for example, the table has two
columns per model and you specify three columns of summary
statistics, the summary statistics in the third column are not
printed.

pchar(symbol) to specify the placeholder symbol used in layout(). The
default placeholder is @.

+--------------------+
----+ Significance stars +-------------------------------------------------------

starlevels(levelslist) overrides the default thresholds and symbols for
"significance stars". For instance, starlevels(+ 0.10 * 0.05) sets the
following thresholds: + for p<.10 and * for p<.05. Note that the thresholds
must lie in the (0,1] interval and must be specified in descending order. To,
for example, denote insignificant results, type starlevels(* 1 "" 0.05).

stardrop(droplist [, relax]) identifies the coefficients for which the
significance stars be suppressed. droplist is specified as in drop() (see
above).

starkeep(keeplist [, relax]) selects the coefficients for which the significance
stars, if requested, be printed. keeplist is specified analogous to droplist
in drop() (see above).

stardetach specifies that a delimiter be placed between the statistics and the
significance stars (i.e. that the stars are to be displayed in their own
column).

+--------+
----+ Layout +-------------------------------------------------------------------

varwidth(#) specifies the number of characters used to display the names (labels)
of regressors and statistics (i.e. varwidth specifies the width of the
table's left stub). Long names (labels) are abbreviated (depending on the
abbrev option) and short or empty cells are padded out with blanks to fit the
width specified by the user.  varwidth set to 0 means that the names are not
abbreviated and no white space is added. Specifying low values may cause
misalignment.

modelwidth(# [# ...]) designates the number of characters used to display the
results columns. If a non-zero modelwidth is specified, model names are
abbreviated if necessary (depending on the abbrev option) and short or empty
results cells are padded out with blanks. In contrast, modelwidth does not
shorten or truncate the display of the results themselves (coefficients,
t-statistics, summary statistics, etc.) although it may add blanks if needed.
modelwidth set to 0 means that the model names are not abbreviated and no
white space is added. Specifying low values may cause misalignment. Specify a
list of numbers in modelwidth() to assign individual widths to the different
results columns (the list is recycled if there are more columns than
numbers).

The purpose of modelwidth is to be able to construct a fixed-format table and
thus make the raw table more readable. Be aware, however, that the added
blanks may cause problems with the conversion to a table in word processors

unstack specifies that the individual equations from multiple-equation models
(e.g. mlogit, reg3, heckman) be placed in separate columns. The default is to
place the equations below one another in a single column. Summary statistics
will be reported for each equation if unstack is specified and the estimation
command is either reg3, sureg, or mvreg (see help reg3, help sureg, help
mvreg).

begin(string) specifies a string to be printed at the beginning of every table
row. It is possible to use special functions such as _tab or _skip in
begin(). For more information on using such functions, see the description of
the functions in help file.

delimiter(string) designates the delimiter used between the table columns. See
the begin option above for further details.

end(string) specifies a string to be printed at the end of every table row. See
the begin option above for further details.

incelldelimiter(string) specifies text to be printed between parameter statistics
that have been combined in a single cell by the & operator. See the cells()
option for details. The default string is a single blank.

dmarker(string) specifies the form of the decimal marker. The standard decimal
symbol (a period or a comma, depending on the input provided to set dp; see
help format) is replaced by string.

msign(string) determines the form of the minus sign. The standard minus sign (-)
is replaced by string.

lz specifies that the leading zero of fixed format numbers in the interval (-1,1)
be printed. This is the default. Use nolz to advise estout to omit the
leading zeros (that is, to print numbers like 0.021 or -0.33 as .021 and
-.33).

extracols(numlist) inserts empty table columns at the indicated positions. For
example, extracols(1) adds an extra column between the left stub of the table
and the first column.

substitute(subst_list) specifies that the substitutions specified in subst_list
be applied to the estimates table after it has been created. Specify
subst_list as a list of substitution pairs, that is:

from to [from to ...]

For example, specify substitute(_ \_) to replace the underscore character (as
in _cons or F_p) with it's LaTeX equivalent \_.

+----------+
----+ Labeling +-----------------------------------------------------------------

label specifies that variable labels be displayed instead of variable names in
the left stub of the table.

abbrev specifies that long names and labels be abbreviated if a modelwidth()
and/or a varwidth() is specified.

wrap causes long variable labels to be wrapped if space permits and a varwidth()
is specified. The wrap option is only useful if several parameter statistics
are printed beneath one another and, therefore, white space is available
beneath the labels.

interaction(string) specifies the string to be used as delimiter for interaction
terms (only relevant in Stata 11 or newer). The default is interaction(" #
"). For style(tex) the default is interaction(" $\times$ ").

title(string) may be used to specify a title for the table.  The string is
printed at the top of the table unless prehead(), posthead(), prefoot(), or
postfoot() is specified. In the latter case, the variable @title can be used
to insert the title.

note(string) may be used to specify a note for the table.  The string is printed
postfoot() is specified. In the latter case, the variable @note can be used
to insert the note.

legend adds a legend explaining the significance symbols and thresholds.

be used to define lists of text lines to appear before and after the table
heading or the table footer. For example, the specification

. estout ..., prehead("\S_DATE \S_TIME" "")

would add a line containing the current date and time followed by an empty
line before the table. Various substitution functions can be used as part of
the text lines specified in strlist (see the Remarks on using @-variables).
For example, @hline plots a horizontal "line" (series of dashes, by default;
see the hlinechar() option) or @M inserts the number of models in the table.
@M could be used in a LaTeX table heading as follows:

hlinechar(string) specifies the character(s) to be used in @hline. The default is
hlinechar(-), resulting in a dashed line. To produce a solid line, specify
hlinechar(=char(151)') (Windows only; other systems may use other codes).

varlabels(matchlist[, suboptions]) may be used to relabel the regressors from the
models, where matchlist is

name label [name label ...]

A name is a parameter name (e.g. price) or a full name (e.g. mean:price)
(abbreviation and wildcards not allowed). For example, specify
varlabels(_cons Constant) to replace each occurrence of _cons with Constant.
(Note that, in LaTeX, the underscore character produces an error unless it is
specified as \_. Thus, names such as _cons should always be changed if the
estimates table is to be used with LaTeX. The substitute() may also be
helpful; see the Layout options.) The suboptions are:

blist(matchlist) to assign specific prefixes to certain rows in the table
body. Specify the matchlist as pairs of regressors and prefixes, that
is:

name prefix [name prefix ...]

A name is a parameter name (e.g. price), an equation name followed by
a colon (e.g. mean:), or a full name (e.g. mean:price) (abbreviation
and wildcards not allowed). Note that equation names cannot be used
if the unstack option is specified.

elist(matchlist) to assign specific suffixes to certain rows in the table
body (see the analogous blist() option above). This option may, for
example, be useful for separating thematic blocks of variables by
adding vertical space at the end of each block. A LaTeX example:

. estout ..., varlabels(,elist(price \addlinespace mpg

(the macro \addlinespace is provided by the booktabs package in
LaTeX)

label_subopts, which are explained in their own section.

for the coefficients and summary statistics. Labels containing spaces should
be embraced in double quotes ("label 1" "label 2" etc.). An example would be
to add a column indicating the hypothesized directions of effects, e.g.,

. estout ..., labcol2(+ - +/- + 0)

The suboptions are:

title(strlist) to add text in the table header above the column. Use
double quotes to break the title into several rows (given there are
multiple header rows), i.e. specify strlist as "line 1" "line 2" etc.

width(#) to set the width, in number of characters, of the column. The
default is the value of modelwidth().

refcat(matchlist[, suboptions]) may be used to insert a row containing
information on the reference category of a categorical variable in the model.
matchlist is

name refcat [name refcat ...]

A name is a parameter name (e.g. _Irep78_2) (abbreviation and wildcards not
allowed). For example, assume that you include the categorical variable rep78
("Repair Record 1978" from the auto dataset) in some of your models using xi
(see help xi). Since rep78 has five levels, 1 through 5, xi will create 4
dummy variables, _Irep78_2 through _Irep78_5. You can now type

. estout ..., refcat(_Irep78_2 _Irep78_1)

to add a table row containing "_Irep78_1" in the left stub and "ref." in each
column in which the _Irep78_2 dummy appears. The suboptions are:

label(string) to specify the label that is printed in the table columns.
The default is label(ref.). Type nolabel to suppress the default
label.

below to position the reference category row below the specified
coefficient's row. The default is above. For example, if the 5th
category of rep78 is used as reference category, i.e. if _Irep78_1
through _Irep78_4 are included in the models, you might want to type
refcat(_Irep78_4 _Irep78_5, below).

mlabels(strlist[, suboptions]) determines the model captions printed in the table
heading. The default is to use the names of the stored estimation sets (or
their titles, if the label option is specified and titles are available). The
suboptions for use with mlabels are:

depvars to specify that the name (or label) of the (first) dependent
variable of the model be used as model label.

titles to specify that, if available, the title of the stored estimation
set be used as the model label. Note that the label option implies
titles (unless notitles is specified). depvars takes precedence over
titles.

numbers to cause the model labels to be numbered consecutively.

label_subopts, which are explained in their own section.

collabels(strlist[, label_subopts]) specifies labels for the columns within
models or equations. The default is to compose a label from the names or
labels of the statistics printed in the cells of that column. The
label_subopts are explained in their own section below.

eqlabels(strlist[, suboptions]) labels the equations. The default is to use the
equation names as stored by the estimation command, or to use the variable
labels if the equation names correspond to individual variables and the label
option is specified. The suboptions for use with eqlabels are:

merge to merge equation labels and parameter labels instead of printing
equation labels in separate rows. Equation and parameter labels will
be separated by ":" unless another delimiter is specified via the
suffix() suboption (see label_subopts).  merge has no effect if
unstack is specified.

label_subopts, which are explained in their own section. Note that
eqlabels(none) causes _cons to be replaced with the equation name or
label, if _cons is the only parameter in an equation. This is useful,
e.g., for tabulating ologit or oprobit results in Stata 9. Specify
eqlabels("", none) to not replace _cons.

mgroups(strlist[, suboptions]) may be used to labels groups of (consecutive)
models at the top of the table heading. The labels are placed in the first
physical column of the output for the group of models to which they apply.
The suboptions for use with mgroups are:

pattern(pattern) to establish how the models are to be grouped.  pattern
should be a list of zeros and ones, with ones indicating the start of
a new group of models. For example,

. estout ..., mgroups("Group 1" "Group 2", pattern(1 0 0 1 0))

would group Models 1, 2, and 3 together and then groups Models 4 and
5 together as well. Note that the first group will always start with
the first model regardless of whether the first token of pattern is a
one or a zero.

label_subopts, which are explained in their own section. In particular,
the span suboption might be of interest here.

numbers[(l r)] adds a row to the table header displaying consecutive model
numbers. The default is to enclose the numbers in parentheses, i.e. (1), (2),
etc.  Alternatively, specify l and r to change the tokens on the left and
right of each number. For example, numbers("" ")") would result in 1), 2),
etc.

+--------+
----+ Output +-------------------------------------------------------------------

replace permits estout to overwrite an existing file.

append specifies that the output be appended to an existing file. It may be used
even if the file does not yet exist.

type specifies that the assembled estimates table be printed in the results
window and the log file. This is the default unless using is specified. Use
notype to suppress the display of the table.

showtabs requests that tabs be displayed as <T>s in both the results window and
the log file instead of in expanded form. This option does not affect how
tabs are written to the text file specified by using.

topfile(filename) and bottomfile(filename) may be used to insert text before and
after the table, where the text is imported from a file on disk. Note that
substitute() does not apply to text inserted by topfile() or bottomfile().

+----------+
----+ Defaults +-----------------------------------------------------------------

style(style) specifies a "style" for the output table. defaults(style) is a
synonym for style(style). A "style" is a named combination of options that is
saved in an auxiliary file called estout_style.def.  In addition, there are
five internal styles called smcl (default for screen display), tab (export
default), fixed, tex, and html. The smcl style is suitable for displaying the
table in Stata's results window and is the default unless using is specified.
It includes SMCL formatting tags and horizontal lines to structure the table.
The particulars of the other styles are:

settings                 styles
tab     fixed   tex     html
-----------------------------------------------
begin                                <tr><td>
delimiter    _tab    " "     &       </td><td>
end                          \\      </td></tr>
varwidth     0       12/20*  12/20*  12/20*
modelwidth   0       12      12      12
abbrev       off     on      off     off
(* if label is on)

tab is the default export style (i.e. if using is specified).

Note that explicitly specified options take precedence over settings provided
by a style. For example, if you type

. estout, delimiter("") style(tab)

then the column delimiter will be set to empty string since the delimiter()
option overwrites the default from the tab style. Similarly, specifying
noabbrev will turn abbreviation off if using the fixed style.

See Defaults files in the Remarks section to make available your own style.

+---------------+
----+ label_subopts +------------------------------------------------------------

The following suboptions may be used within the mgroups(), mlabels(),
collabels(), eqlabels(), varlabels(), and stats(, labels()) options:

none suppresses the printing of the labels or drops the part of the table heading
to which it applies. Note that instead of typing option(, none) you may
simply specify option(none).

prefix(string) specifies a common prefix to be added to each label.

suffix(string) specifies a common suffix to be added to each label.

begin(strlist) specifies a prefix to be printed at the beginning of the part of
the table to which it applies. If begin is specified in varlabels() or
stats(,labels()), the prefix will be repeated for each regressor or summary
statistic.

first specifies that the first occurrence of the begin()-prefix in varlabels() or
stats(,labels()) be printed. This is the default. Use nofirst to suppress the
first occurrence of the prefix. In varlabels(), nofirst applies
equation-wise, i.e., the first begin()-prefix in each equation is suppressed
(unless unstack is specified).

end(strlist) specifies a suffix to be printed at the end of the part of the table
to which it applies. If end is specified in varlabels() or stats(,labels()),
the suffix will be repeated for each regressor or summary statistic.

last specifies that the last occurrence of the end()-suffix in varlabels() or
stats(,labels()) be printed. This is the default. Use nolast to suppress the
last occurrence of the suffix. In varlabels(), nolast applies equation-wise,
i.e., the last end()-suffix in each equation is suppressed (unless unstack is
specified).

replace causes the label suboption begin()-prefix and end()-suffix to be used
instead of the global begin() and end() strings. The default is to print
both. replace also applies to blist() and elist() if specified in
varlabels().

span causes labels to span columns, i.e. extends the labels across several
columns, if appropriate. This suboption is relevant only for the mgroups(),
mlabels(), eqlabels(), and collabels() options. The @span string returns the
number of spanned columns if it is included in the label, prefix, or suffix.
A LaTeX example:

. estout ..., mlabels(, span prefix(\multicolumn{@span}{c}{) suffix(}))

erepeat(string) specifies a string that is repeated for each group of spanned
columns at the very end of the row if the span suboption is specified. This
suboption is relevant only for the mgroups(), mlabels(), eqlabels(), and
collabels() options. If the @span string is included in string it will be
replaced by the range of columns spanned. A LaTeX example:

. estout ..., mlabels(, span erepeat(\cline{@span}))

lhs(string) inserts string into the otherwise empty cell in the left stub of the
row of the table heading to which it applies. This suboption is relevant only
for the mgroups(), mlabels(), eqlabels(), and collabels() options.

+----------------+
----+ matrix_subopts +-----------------------------------------------------------

The following suboptions may be applied within the matrix(), e(), or r() argument
used to tabulate a matrix:

fmt(fmtlist) sets the display formats for the matrix.  fmtlist contains a list of
format specifications, one for each column of the matrix. fmtlist is recycled
if it supplies less specifications than there are columns in the matrix. A
format specification may be a single fmt such as, e.g., %9.0g or a3 (see
Numerical formats in the Remarks section for details) to be applied to all
cells in the column. Alternatively, a format specification may be a list of
fmts, enclosed in double quotes, to be used for the cells in the column one
by one. The last format in the list is used for the remaining cells if the
number of cells in the column is greater than the number of formats in the
list. Also see the examples below.

transpose causes the matrix to be transposed for tabulation.

Examples

Contents
Introduction
Publication style table
t-statistics for selected variables only
Summary statistics only
Table of descriptives
Unstack multiple equations
Tabulating a matrix

intended for users already familiar with the basic features of estout. Additional
examples can be found in Jann (2005) and at
http://repec.sowi.unibe.ch/stata/estout/.

+--------------+
----+ Introduction +-------------------------------------------------------------

The full syntax of estout is rather complex and is to be found above. However,
consider the following basic syntax, which includes only the most important
options:

estout [ namelist ] [ using filename ] [ , cells(array) stats(scalarlist)
style(style) more_options ]

where namelist is a list of the names of stored estimation sets (the name list
can be entered as * to refer to all stored estimates). The cells() and stats()
options determine the primary contents of the table. The style() option
determines the basic formatting of the table.

Basic usage

The general procedure for using estout is to first store several models using the
estimates store or the eststo command and then apply estout to display or save a
table of the estimates. By default, estout displays a plain table of the
coefficients of the models and uses SMCL tags and horizontal lines to structure
the table:

. sysuse auto
(1978 Automobile Data)

. replace price = price / 1000
price was int now float

. replace weight = weight / 1000
weight was int now float

. quietly regress price weight mpg

. estimates store m1, title(Model 1)

. generate forXmpg = foreign * mpg

. quietly regress price weight mpg forXmpg foreign

. estimates store m2, title(Model 2)

. estout m1 m2

--------------------------------------
m1           m2
b            b
--------------------------------------
weight           1.746559     4.613589
mpg             -.0495122     .2631875
forXmpg                      -.3072165
foreign                       11.24033
_cons            1.946068    -14.44958
--------------------------------------

Alternatively, if using is specified, estout writes a raw tab-delimited table
(without SMCL tags and without lines) to the indicated file (* is used in the
following example to indicate that all stored models be tabulated):

. estout * using example.txt
(output written to example.txt)

. type example.txt
m1      m2
b       b
weight  1.746559        4.613589
mpg     -.0495122       .2631875
forXmpg         -.3072165
foreign         11.24033
_cons   1.946068        -14.44958

The table looks messy in the Stata results window or the Stata log because the
columns are tab-separated (note that tab characters are not preserved in the
results window or the log). However, the table would look tidy if "example.txt"
were opened, for example, in a spreadsheet program.

Choosing a style

estout has a style() option to set the basic format of the table. The default
style for screen display is the smcl style.  The default export style (i.e. if
using is specified) is the tab style. (See the examples above.) Other predefined
styles are fixed, tex, and html, but it is also possible to define one's own
styles (see Defaults files in the Remarks section). The tex style, for example,
modifies the output table for use with LaTeX's tabular environment:

. estout *, style(tex) varlabels(_cons \_cons)

&          m1&          m2\\
&           b&           b\\
weight      &    1.746559&    4.613589\\
mpg         &   -.0495122&    .2631875\\
forXmpg     &            &   -.3072165\\
foreign     &            &    11.24033\\
\_cons      &    1.946068&   -14.44958\\

Note that _cons has been replaced by its LaTeX equivalent in the example above
using the varlabels() option (the underscore character produces an error in LaTeX
unless it is preceded by a backslash). For more information on the varlabels()
option, see estout's Labeling options.

The cells option

Use the cells() option to specify the parameter statistics to be tabulated and
how they are to be arranged. The parameter statistics available are b (point
estimates; the default), se (standard errors), t (t-/z-statistics), p (p-values),
ci (confidence intervals; to display the lower and upper bounds in separate cells
use ci_l and ci_u), as well as any additional parameter statistics included in
the e()-returns for the models (see estout's Parameter Statistics options). For
example, cells(b se) results in the reporting of point estimates and standard
errors:

. estout *, cells(b se)

--------------------------------------
m1           m2
b/se         b/se
--------------------------------------
weight           1.746559     4.613589
.6413538     .7254961
mpg             -.0495122     .2631875
.086156     .1107961
forXmpg                      -.3072165
.1085307
foreign                       11.24033
2.751681
_cons            1.946068    -14.44958
3.59705      4.42572
--------------------------------------

Multiple statistics are placed in separate rows beneath one another by default as
in the example above. However, elements that are listed in quotes or in
parentheses are placed beside one another. For example, specifying
cells("b se t p") or, equivalently, cells((b se t p)) produces the following
table:

. estout m2, cells("b se t p")

----------------------------------------------------------------
m2
b           se            t            p
----------------------------------------------------------------
weight           4.613589     .7254961     6.359219     1.89e-08
mpg              .2631875     .1107961     2.375421     .0203122
forXmpg         -.3072165     .1085307    -2.830687     .0060799
foreign          11.24033     2.751681     4.084896     .0001171
_cons           -14.44958      4.42572     -3.26491     .0017061
----------------------------------------------------------------

The two approaches can be combined. For example, cells("b p" se) would produce a
table with point estimates and standard errors beneath one another in the first
column and p-values in the top row of the second column for each model.

Note that for each statistic named in the cells() option a set of suboptions may
be specified in parentheses. For example, in social sciences it is common to
report standard errors or t-statistics in parentheses beneath the coefficients
and to indicate the significance of individual coefficients with stars.
Furthermore, the results are rounded. Just such a table can be created using the
following procedure:

. estout *, cells(b(star fmt(3)) t(par fmt(2)))

--------------------------------------------
m1              m2
b/t             b/t
--------------------------------------------
weight              1.747**         4.614***
(2.72)          (6.36)
mpg                -0.050           0.263*
(-0.57)          (2.38)
forXmpg                            -0.307**
(-2.83)
foreign                            11.240***
(4.08)
_cons               1.946         -14.450**
(0.54)         (-3.26)
--------------------------------------------

The estout default is to display * for p<.05, ** for p<.01, and *** for p<.001.
However, note that the significance thresholds and symbols are fully customizable
(see estout's Significance stars options).

The stats option

Finally, use the stats() option to specify scalar statistics to be displayed for
each model in the table footer. The available scalar statistics are aic (Akaike's
information criterion), bic (Schwarz's information criterion), rank (the rank of
e(V), i.e. the number of free parameters in model), p (the p-value of the model),
as well as any numeric or string scalars contained in the e()-returns for the
models (see estout's Summary statistics options). For example, specify stats(r2
bic N) to add the R-squared, BIC, and the number of cases:

. estout *, stats(r2 bic N)

--------------------------------------
m1           m2
b            b
--------------------------------------
weight           1.746559     4.613589
mpg             -.0495122     .2631875
forXmpg                      -.3072165
foreign                       11.24033
_cons            1.946068    -14.44958
--------------------------------------
r2               .2933891     .5516277
bic              356.2918     331.2406
N                      74           74
--------------------------------------

+-------------------------+
----+ Publication style table +--------------------------------------------------

. label variable foreign "Foreign car type"

. label variable forXmpg "Foreign*Mileage"

. estout *, cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par))                ///
>     stats(r2_a N, fmt(%9.3f %9.0g) labels(R-squared))      ///
>     legend label collabels(none) varlabels(_cons Constant)

----------------------------------------------------
Model 1         Model 2
----------------------------------------------------
Weight (lbs.)               1.747**         4.614***
(0.641)         (0.725)
Mileage (mpg)              -0.050           0.263*
(0.086)         (0.111)
Foreign*Mileage                            -0.307**
(0.109)
Foreign car type                           11.240***
(2.752)
Constant                    1.946         -14.450**
(3.597)         (4.426)
----------------------------------------------------
R-squared                   0.273           0.526
N                              74              74
----------------------------------------------------
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001

+------------------------------------------+
----+ t-statistics for selected variables only +---------------------------------

. estout *, cells(b(star) t(par keep(mpg)))

--------------------------------------------
m1              m2
b/t             b/t
--------------------------------------------
weight           1.746559**      4.613589***
mpg             -.0495122        .2631875*
(-.5746806)      (2.375421)
forXmpg                         -.3072165**
foreign                          11.24033***
_cons            1.946068       -14.44958**
--------------------------------------------

+-------------------------+
----+ Summary statistics only +--------------------------------------------------

. estout *, cells(none) stats(r2_a bic N, star)

--------------------------------------------
m1              m2
--------------------------------------------
r2_a             .2734846***     .5256351***
bic              356.2918        331.2406
N                      74              74
--------------------------------------------

+-----------------------+
----+ Table of descriptives +----------------------------------------------------

. quietly generate x = uniform()

. quietly regress x price weight mpg foreign

e(mean) :  1 x 5

e(sd) :  1 x 5

. estout, cells("mean sd") stats(N) mlabels(,none) drop(_cons)

--------------------------------------
mean           sd
--------------------------------------
price            6.165257     2.949496
weight           3.019459     .7771936
mpg               21.2973     5.785503
foreign          .2972973
--------------------------------------
N                      74
--------------------------------------

+----------------------------+
----+ Unstack multiple equations +-----------------------------------------------

. quietly sureg (price foreign weight length) ///
>               (mpg displ = foreign weight)

. estout, cells(b t(par)) stats(r2 chi2 p) unstack

---------------------------------------------------
price          mpg displacement
b/t          b/t          b/t
---------------------------------------------------
foreign           3.57526    -1.650029     -25.6127
(5.749891)  (-1.565555)  (-2.047999)
weight           5.691462    -6.587886     96.75485
(6.182983)  (-10.55641)   (13.06594)
length          -.0882711
(-2.809689)
_cons            4.506212      41.6797    -87.23547
(1.255897)   (19.64914)   (-3.46585)
---------------------------------------------------
r2                .548808     .6627029     .8115213
chi2             89.73586     145.3912     318.6174
p                2.50e-19     2.68e-32     6.50e-70
---------------------------------------------------

+---------------------+
----+ Tabulating a matrix +------------------------------------------------------

Use estout matrix(matname) to tabulate Stata matrix matname. Example:

. set seed 123

. matrix A = matuniform(3,2)

. matrix list A

A[3,2]
c1         c2
r1  .91204397   .0075452
r2  .28085881  .46027868
r3  .56010592  .67319061

. estout matrix(A)

--------------------------------------
A
c1           c2
--------------------------------------
r1                .912044     .0075452
r2               .2808588     .4602787
r3               .5601059     .6731906
--------------------------------------

Numeric formats for the columns can be set using the fmt() suboption:

. estout matrix(A, fmt(2 3))

--------------------------------------
A
c1           c2
--------------------------------------
r1                   0.91        0.008
r2                   0.28        0.460
r3                   0.56        0.673
--------------------------------------

A list of formats can be specified for each column:

. estout matrix(A, fmt("2 3 4" "4 3 2"))

--------------------------------------
A
c1           c2
--------------------------------------
r1                   0.91       0.0075
r2                  0.281        0.460
r3                 0.5601         0.67
--------------------------------------

Remarks

Contents

Numerical formats
Special characters
Using @-variables
Defaults files

+-------------------+
----+ Numerical formats +--------------------------------------------------------

Numerical display formats may be specified in estout as follows:

1. Official Stata's display formats: You may specify formats, such as %9.0g or
%8.2f. See help format for a list of available formats. %g or g may be used
as a synonym for %9.0g.

2. Fixed format: You may specify an integer value such as 0, 1, 2, etc. to
request a display format with a fixed number of decimal places. For example,
cells(t(fmt(3))) would display t-statistics with three decimal places.

3. Automatic format: You may specify a1, a2, ..., or a9 to cause esttab to
choose a reasonable display format for each number depending on the number's
value. a may be used as a synonym for a3. The # in a# determines the minimum
precision according to the following rules:

o Absolute numbers smaller than 1 are displayed with # significant decimal
places (i.e. with # decimal places ignoring any leading zeros after the
decimal point). For example, 0.00123456 is displayed as 0.00123 if the
format is a3.

o Absolute numbers greater than 1 are displayed with as many digits
required to retain at least one decimal place and are displayed with a
minimum of (# + 1) digits. For example, if the format is a3, 1.23456 is
displayed as 1.235, 12.3456 is displayed as 12.35, and 1234.56 is
displayed as 1234.6.

o In any case, integers are displayed with zero decimal places, and very
large or very small absolute numbers are displayed in exponential format.

+--------------------+
----+ Special characters +-------------------------------------------------------

The \ and $characters and quotation marks have special meanings in Stata. You should therefore consider the following instructions if you, for example, intend to specify akward delimiters or specify special characters in labels: - Strings containing unmatched quotes should be enclosed in compound double quotes (thus, delimiter("""') results in columns delimited by ", while delimiter(") produces an error). - The backslash character is used to delay macro expansion in Stata. Specifying \\ in Stata 8 just results in the printing of \. To get a double backslash in Stata 8 (the \newline command in TeX), type \\\. - The dollar sign is used for global macro expansion in Stata. Thus,$x would
result in the display of the contents of global macro x (or nothing, if the
macro is empty). Therefore, use \$to produce$ in the output. For math mode
in LaTeX I recommend using $$...$$ instead of $...$.

Stata's char() function may also be used to specify odd characters (see help
strfun). In particular, "=char(9)'" results in a tab character and "=char(13)'"
results in a carriage return. For example, delimiter(" `=char(9)' ") specifies
that a tab character with a leading and a trailing blank be used as delimiter.

Tip: It is sometimes very useful to set the format of all cells in a spreadsheet
to "Text" before pasting the estimates table. This prevents the spreadsheet
program from trying to interpret the cells and ensures that the contents of the
table remain unchanged.

+-------------------+
----+ Using @-variables +--------------------------------------------------------

estout features several variables that can be used within string specifications.
The following list provides an overview of these variables.

o  In prehead(), posthead(), prefoot(), and postfoot(), in the begin() and end()
label suboptions, and in the blist() and elist() suboptions in varlabels():

@span to return the value of a count variable for the total number of
physical columns of the table.

@M to return the number of models in the table.

@E to return the total number columns containing separate equations.

@width to return the total width of the table (number of characters).

@hline to return a horizontal line (series of dashes, by default; see the
hlinechar() option).

@title to return the title specified with the title() option.

@note to return the note specified with the note() option.

@discrete to return the explanations provided by the discrete() option
(provided that the margin option is activated).

@starlegend to return a legend explaining the significance symbols.

o  In the prefix() and suffix() suboptions of mgroups(), mlabels(), eqlabels(),
and collabels(), and in the labels specified in these options:

@span to return the number of spanned columns.

o  In the erepeat() suboption of mgroups(), mlabels(), eqlabels(), and
collabels():

@span to return the range of spanned columns (e.g. 2-4 if columns 2, 3
and 4 are spanned).

+----------------+
----+ Defaults files +-----------------------------------------------------------

Creating new defaults files:

To make available an own set of default options, proceed as follows:

file from SSC and store it in the working directory).

2. Open "estout_mystyle.def" in a text editor and make the desired
Editor).

3. Save the file in the current directory or elsewhere in the ado-file path
as estout_newstyle.def (see help sysdir).

To use the new options set in estout, then type:

. estout ... , style(newstyle)

Defaults files syntax:

estout has two main types of options, which are treated differentially in
defaults files. On the one hand, there are simple on/off options without
arguments, like legend or showtabs. To turn such an option on, enter the option
followed by the options name as an argument, i.e. add the line

option option

to the defaults file. For example,

legend legend

specifies that a legend be printed in the table footer. Otherwise, if you want to
turn the option of, just delete or comment out the line that contains it (or
specify option without an argument).

To temporarily turn off an option that has been activated in a defaults file,
specify nooption in the command line (do not, however, use nooption in defaults
files). For example, if the legend has been turned on in the defaults file, but
you want to suppress it in a specific call of estout, type

. estout ..., nolegend

On the other hand, there are options that take arguments, such as prehead(args),
delimiter(args), or stats(args, ...). Such options are specified as

option args

in the defaults file (where args must not include suboptions; see below).
Specifying an option in the command line overwrites the settings from the
defaults file. However, note that a no form, which exists for the first options
type, is not available here.

Last but not least, there are two options that reflect a combination of the first
and second types: eform[(args)] and margin[(args)]. These options can be
specified as either

option option

or

option args

in the defaults file; the no form is allowed.

Many estout options have suboptions, i.e., an option might take the form
option(..., suboption) or option(..., suboption(args)). In the defaults file, the
suboptions cannot be included in the definition of a higher-level option.
Instead, they must be specified in their own lines, as either

optionsuboption suboption

or

optionsuboption args

In the case of a two-level nesting of options, the name used to refer to the
suboption is a concatenation of the option's name and the suboption's name, i.e.
"optionsuboption"="option"+"suboption". For example, the labels() suboption of
the stats() option would be set by the term statslabels. Analogously, the three
level nesting in the stats() option yields suboption names composed of three
names. For instance, the suboption called by the command

. estout ..., stats(..., labels(..., prefix(args)))

would be referred to as

statslabelsprefix args

in the defaults file. The cells() option represents an exception to this rule. It
may be defined in the defaults file using only a plain array of cells elements
without suboptions, e.g.

cells "b se" p

However, the suboptions of the cells elements may be referred to as el_suboption,
for example

b_star star

or

se_par [ ]

Be aware that the support for comments in defaults files is limited. In
particular, the /* and */ comment indicators cannot be used.  The other comment
indicators work (more or less) as usual, that is:

o  Empty lines and lines beginning with * (with or without preceding blanks)
will be ignored.

o  // preceded by one or more blanks indicates that the rest of the line should
be ignored. Lines beginning with // (with or without preceding blanks) will
be ignored.

o  /// preceded by one or more blanks indicates that the rest of the line should
be ignored and the part of the line preceding it should be added to the next
line. In other words, /// can be used to split commands into two or more
lines of code.

Saved results

estout saves the following in r():

Scalars
r(nmodels)    number of models
r(ccols)      number of columns per model in r(coefs)

Macros
r(cmdline)    command as typed
r(names)      names of models
r(m#_name)    model-specific macros where # is the model number and name is
macro name

Matrices
r(coefs)      coefficients
r(stats)      summary statistics

References

Cong, R. (2000). sg144: Marginal effects of the tobit model.  Stata Technical
Bulletin 56: 27-34.

Jann, B. (2005). Making regression tables from stored estimates.  The Stata
Journal 5(3): 288-308.

Jann, B. (2007). Making regression tables simplified.  The Stata Journal 7(2):
227-244.

Newson, R. (2003). Confidence intervals and p-values for delivery to the end
user. The Stata Journal 3(3): 245-269.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank numerous people for their comments and suggestions. Among
them are Joao Pedro Azevedo, Kit Baum, Elisabeth Coutts, Henriette Engelhardt,
Jonathan Gardnerand, Simone Hirschvogl, Daniel Hoechle, Friedrich Huebler, Maren
Kandulla, J. Scott Long, David Newhouse, Clive Nicholas, Fredrik Wallenberg, Ian
Watson, and Vince Wiggins.

Author

Ben Jann, Institute of Sociology, University of Bern, jann@soz.unibe.ch

Also see

Manual:  [R] estimates

SJ:      SJ5-3 st0085 (Jann 2005)
SJ7-2 st0085_1 (Jann 2007)

Online:  help for estimates, estcom, estimates table, ereturn, format, file, mfx,